IHAB ElTAYEB

In 1794, Johann Peter Frank coined the term “diabetes insipidus” to distinguish patients with this condition from those who had diabetes mellitus. A collaborative team of professionals from various international endocrinology and pediatric organizations is now recommending a change in nomenclature. They suggest that "diabetes insipidus" be replaced with “arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D)” for cases of central origin, while proposing the term “arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R)” for nephrogenic cases (1)

Thyroid nodules are a widespread clinical entity estimated to affect up to 60% of adults. While the majority of these nodules are benign, the potential for malignancy, though low, at around 5%—drives the importance of careful evaluation and management protocols; the risk of a malignant thyroid nodule increases with size. Researchers suggest that nodules measuring 3–5. 9 cm have a 26% higher malignancy risk than those smaller than 3 cm. Ironically, larger than 6 cm may have a lower malignancy risk (1). Most thyroid nodules are benign, and most remain benign. Moreover, the malignant nodules are primarily of small low risk and seldom progress; on the other hand, sometimes unnecessary diagnostic evaluation and unnecessary thyroidectomies have a very negative impact on a patient's life(2).