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Advances in Obesity, Endocrinology, and Diabetes

📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2026

📢 Latest Update: New special issue call for papers on "Emerging Technologies in Research" - Submit by March 31, 2026

Volume 1, Issue 1 - 2024 (July-December 2024)

Volume 1 Issue 1 Cover

Issue Details:

Volume 1 Issue 1
Published:Jun 30, 2024

Editorial: July-December 2024

Welcome to the 2024 issue of Advances in Obesity, Endocrinology, and Diabetes. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.

We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.

As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.

Dr Lakshmi Nagendra
Editor-in-Chief
Advances in Obesity, Endocrinology, and Diabetes

Articles in This Issue

Showing 8 of 8 articles
Research PaperID: aoeds-00000005

Editorial: Contemporary Approach to Thyroid Nodules

IHAB ElTAYEB

Thyroid nodules are a widespread clinical entity estimated to affect up to 60% of adults. While the majority of these nodules are benign, the potential for malignancy, though low, at around 5%—drives the importance of careful evaluation and management protocols; the risk of a malignant thyroid nodule increases with size. Researchers suggest that nodules measuring 3–5. 9 cm have a 26% higher malignancy risk than those smaller than 3 cm. Ironically, larger than 6 cm may have a lower malignancy risk (1). Most thyroid nodules are benign, and most remain benign. Moreover, the malignant nodules are primarily of small low risk and seldom progress; on the other hand, sometimes unnecessary diagnostic evaluation and unnecessary thyroidectomies have a very negative impact on a patient's life(2).

Thyroid nodulesHigh-resolution ultrasound thyroidTI-RADSBethesda classificationArtificial intelligence
32 views
14 downloads

Contributors:

 IHAB ElTAYEB
Research PaperID: aoeds-00000006

THE CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF STEROID-INDUCED DIABETES

Ben Nacef Ibtissem, Belhssan Belwahma, Makni Sabrine, Saousen Essayeh, Laamouri Rihab, Khiari Karima, Rojbi Imen

Background and Aims: Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus (GC-DM)is an underdiagnosed condition that sometimes requires urgent treatment. Indeed, the risk factors of GC-DM as well as its therapeutic management are little known. The aim of this study was to review the characteristics of the population at risk for developing GC-DM as well as its therapeutic modalities. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunis enrolling 52 patients with GC-DM who were followed up in the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (1992-2020). Results: Mean age of patients was 47,8 ± 15,3 years. Eighteen patients (35%) had a family history of diabetes. The median body mass index (BMI) was 25.35 kg/m² [22.04-29.95]. Overweight was found in 25% and obesity in 25%. Twenty-two patients (42%) had hypertension, 21 (40%) had dyslipidaemias and 10 (19%) had IFG. The main underlying diseases requiring steroid therapy included vasculitis in 24 patients (46%) and autoimmune diseases in 15 patients (29%). In 54% of the patients, steroid therapy was administered at a high dose, in 35% at a very high dose, and in 11% at a medium dose. The median fasting blood glucose level at the time of diagnosis of GC-DM was at 14 mmol/L [9-18]. Fifteen patients (29%) developed GC-DM after 1 year. A pharmacological treatment was combined with lifestyle and dietary measures in 50 patients (96%). Oral antidiabetic agents alone were prescribed in 50% of the patients, insulin therapy: alone in 40% and in combination with oral antidiabetic agents in 6%. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy was significantly associated with initiation of insulin. Conclusion: Diabetes should not be neglected during steroid therapy. Strategies for prevention, detection and therapeutic management of GC-DM are the key elements to control the Morbi-mortality related to this condition.

DiabetesSecondary diabetesGlucocorticoid-induced diabetesGlucocorticoidHyperglycaemiaDrug-induced diabetes
30 views
12 downloads

Contributors:

 Ben Nacef Ibtissem
,
 Belhssan Belwahma
,
 Makni Sabrine
,
 Saousen Essayeh
,
 Laamouri Rihab
,
 Khiari Karima
,
 Rojbi Imen
Research PaperID: aoeds-00000007

Identifying Key Predictors of Long-term Remission in Graves Disease After Antithyroid Drug Treatment

Yosra Hasni, Sondes Chermitti, Hamza EL FEKIH, Imen HALLOUL, Ghada Saad, Wided DEBBABI

Introduction: Treatment of Graves' disease (GD) is based on the triad of antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine and surgery (total or subtotal thyroidectomy). ATD remains the first-line treatment. Aim: To determine predictors of GD remission after treatment with ATD. Methods: Cross-sectional study for analytical purposes including 105 patients followed for GD treated with ATD for 12 to 18 months. The collection of clinical and biological data was done through the consultation of medical records. Patients were divided to two groups according to their outcome. The "Remission" group included patients with durable euthyroidism after treatment withdrawal. The "Failure" group included patients who did not achieve euthyroidism at the end of treatment or who had relapsed after treatment withdrawal. Results were compared using Chi-Square test and t-test and logistic regression model with significance at p Results: Patients in the "Remission" group were 43 (40.95%) and patients in the "Failure" group were 62 (59.05%). Factors that were significantly associated with remission at univariate analysis were: a shorter duration of symptom progression, a shorter duration of treatment, a lower initial anti-TSH receptor antibodies level, methimazole use compared to Benzylthiouracil use and better therapeutic adherence. Multivariate analysis showed that only shorter treatment duration (p = 0.01, OR = 0.90, IC95% [0.87 0.97]), lower initial anti-TSH receptor antibodies level (p = 0.016; = 0.93, IC95% [0.87-0.98]) and methimazole use (p = 0.048, OR = 2.4, IC95% [1.00-5.74]) were significant predictors of remission. Conclusion: A lower initial level of anti-TSH receptor antibodies, the use of methimazole compared to Benzylthiouracil as well as a shorter duration of treatment are factors of better prognosis in the outcome of Graves’ disease after Antithyroid drug treatment.

Graves’ diseaseAntithyroid drugsremission
30 views
12 downloads

Contributors:

 Yosra Hasni
,
 Sondes Chermitti
,
 Hamza EL FEKIH
,
 Imen HALLOUL
,
 Ghada Saad
,
 Wided DEBBABI
Research PaperID: aoeds-00000008

THE ROLE OF HOMOCYSTEINE AND VITAMIN D IN ASSESSING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

BEN NACEF IBTISSEM, KALTHOUM MEHDI, BCHIR NAJLA, MEKNI SABRINE, ESSAYEH SAOUSEN, LAAMOURI RIHAB, LAKHOUA YOUSSEF, MCHIRGUI NADIA, ROJBI IMEN, KHIARI KARIMA

New biomarkers are currently promising to improve cardiovascular risk (CVR) prediction to prevent cardiovascular complications and their associated morbidity and mortality. In practice, homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin D (Vit D) have shown statistical associations with the incidence of cardiovascular events. Our study aimed to investigate the association between each of these biomarkers and atherosclerosis and to evaluate their contribution to the stratification of CVR in type 2 diabetic patients (T2D). Methods: This was a cross-sectional and comparative study that included 53 T2D patients with at least one cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 67 T2D patients without any CVD. Measurements of Hcy and 25-OH Vit D were obtained for 116 and 71 patients, respectively. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) was defined as a level greater than 15 μmol/L, and Vit D deficiency was defined as a level below 10 ng/mL. Results: The average level of Hcy was 27.65 ± 31.95 μmol/L. It was significantly correlated with age (p = 0.008), body mass index (p = 0.008), fasting blood glucose (p Conclusion: Our study demonstrated an association between Hcy, macroangiopathy, and coronary artery disease in T2D patients; however, Vit D was not effective in diagnosing these conditions.

HomocysteinemiaLow serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitaminDCardiovascular riskAtherosclerosisType 2 diabetes
30 views
15 downloads

Contributors:

 BEN NACEF IBTISSEM
,
 KALTHOUM MEHDI
,
 BCHIR NAJLA
,
 MEKNI SABRINE
,
 ESSAYEH SAOUSEN
,
 LAAMOURI RIHAB
,
 LAKHOUA YOUSSEF
,
 MCHIRGUI NADIA
,
 ROJBI IMEN
,
 KHIARI KARIMA
Research PaperID: aoeds-00000009

Factors Influencing Growth Response After Treatment in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency

Yosra HASNI, Hamza ELFEKIH, Wiem SAAFI, Nawel ZOMMIT, Imen HALLOUL, Ghada SAAD, Amel MAAROUFI

INTRODUCTION: Regular monitoring of growth and weight in children is crucial for effective child health surveillance. Growth retardation is suspected when a child's height falls below -2 standard deviations (SD) for age and sex, or when there is an abnormal growth velocity. Whereas endocrine causes account for less than 10% of growth retardation cases, they are essential to identify, as they require specific treatment. Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) is one such endocrine cause, with a prevalence ranging from 1 in 4,000 to 1 in 10,000 in Europe and the U.S. Advancements in diagnostic methods have improved early detection, allowing more children to benefit from treatment. The objective of this study is to investigate the therapeutic aspects and outcomes for children followed for GHD to identify the factors influencing the results of GH treatment. METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted on patients hospitalized or followed for GHD at the Endocrinology Department of Farhat Hached University Hospital in Sousse from January 2000 to December 2020. Data were collected using a form that included epidemiological data, familial and personal history, clinical data at first consultation, bone age assessment, initial biological assessment, and substitutive treatment details. RESULTS: The study enrolled 102 children (63 boys and 39 girls), with a mean age of 12±3.83 years at diagnosis. The mean height at diagnosis was 128±17 cm. GH deficiency was classified as complete in 63.7% and partial in 36.3% of cases. Associated deficits were found in thyrotropic (14.7%), corticotropic (19.6%), and gonadotropic (18.6%) axes. The average weekly dose of recombinant human growth hormone (rh-GH) was 0.7±0.12 IU/kg, and the mean stature gain under treatment was 17.5±14.5 cm, with a final height of 148±14 cm on average. Notably, younger children at the start of treatment showed greater stature gains, and regular adherence to treatment significantly correlated with improved outcomes. Overall, definitive stature gain was primarily associated with the frequency of GH injections and treatment regularity. The multivariate study showed that definitive stature gain was only associated with the frequency of GH injection and the regularity of treatment. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that GH treatment can significantly enhance growth in children with GHD, but various factors, including timing of initiation, adherence to therapy, and individual patient characteristics, can affect whether the final adult height aligns with parental expectations. Stature gain can also be improved by emphasizing early diagnosis, patient education, and treatment adherence.

Growth retardationGrowth Hormone DeficiencyChildrenRecombinant Human Growth HormoneStature Gain
27 views
15 downloads

Contributors:

 Yosra HASNI
,
 Hamza ELFEKIH
,
 Wiem SAAFI
,
 Nawel ZOMMIT
,
 Imen HALLOUL
,
 Ghada SAAD
,
 Amel MAAROUFI
Research PaperID: aoeds-00000010

Unexplained Precocity, AlQaysi Syndrome. A Case Report

Mustafa AlQaysi, Fuad AlSaraj, Bashar Sahar

Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Background: Precocious puberty (PP) implies the appearance of physical and hormonal signs of pubertal development at an earlier age what is considered normal. The beginning of puberty at an earlier age can have serious impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of the growing children in addition to its economic burden on the family. PP can be classified as central or peripheral depending on its etiology and many syndromes were identified for this growth disorder. The diagnosis of PP still represents a challenge to physicians and multidisciplinary approach is a key step to find out the correct etiology and to decide about long-term therapy. Case Report: We report a 7 year-old girl with history of prematurity presented with right sided hemihypertrophy of the body and accelerated linear growth confirmed with clinical examination and growth chart. All possible relevant laboratory and radiological tests performed to assess of her clinical condition. The diagnosis of central precocity associated with Silver-Russell Syndrome was suspected based on the clinical ground. Conclusions: PP with hemihypertrophy should be investigated thoroughly to look for central or peripheral etiology. Despite identifying many etiologies, our patient is the first case to report with these unique features.

Intellectual DisabilityPubertyPrecociousMusculoskeletal abnormalities
31 views
14 downloads

Contributors:

 Mustafa AlQaysi
,
 Fuad AlSaraj
,
 Bashar Sahar
Research PaperID: aoeds-00000011

Case Report: A Case of Myxedema Coma with Cardiovascular Complications

Archana Purushothaman

Myxedema coma is a critical endocrine condition with a high risk of death, caused by severe, long-term hypothyroidism and the failure of the body's normal mechanisms to maintain internal balance. Intravenous LT4 thyroid hormone replacement, combined with supportive care, is essential for the prompt recovery of neurological, cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, and metabolic dysfunction. Coexisting comorbidities can affect the intensity of hormone replacement therapy and must be closely monitored during treatment. We present the case of a 48-year-old male who arrived at the emergency room unresponsive, with bradycardia, hypoxia, hypotension, found to have a complete heart block from inferior wall myocardial infarction. Initial treatment prioritized his cardiac resuscitation but , further investigation revealed severe hypothyroidism. The patient was started on levothyroxine, (oral followed by IV ) parallel to the intricate management of complications including cardiomyopathy, shock liver, acute kidney injury and diabetes with gradual improvement in mental status and hemodynamics over a course of a week. This case underscores the importance of recognizing hypothyroidism as a critical etiology in patients presenting with multi-organ failure and the role of Levothyroxine in cardiac function.

CardiovascularMyxedema coma
29 views
24 downloads

Contributors:

 Archana Purushothaman
Research PaperID: aoeds-00000012

Challenges in the Management of Cushing’s Syndrome Associated with Double ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas: A Case Report

Yosra Hasni, Hamza EL FEKIH, Riheb KHochtali, Salem BEN BRAHEM, Wiem SAAFI, Amel MAAROUFI

Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare endocrine disorder primarily caused by a corticotroph pituitary microadenoma. The occurrence of double pituitary adenomas (DPA), particularly with two ACTH-secreting microadenomas, is exceptionally uncommon. Untreated or poorly managed CD can lead to severe complications, such as bilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral heads.

Cushing's diseaseDPAACTH
32 views
24 downloads

Contributors:

 Yosra Hasni
,
 Hamza EL FEKIH
,
 Riheb KHochtali
,
 Salem BEN BRAHEM
,
 Wiem SAAFI
,
 Amel MAAROUFI
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