ROJBI I

Introduction : Mediastinal Ectopic Thyroid Gland is a rare entity, accounting for 1% of all mediastinal tumours. Here, we present a rare case of mediastinal mass that was proved to be an ectopic thyroid with normal thyroid function tests and normal thyroid gland in the cervical location. We report in this article two cases illustrating this location. 1st clinical case : 66-year-old woman operated on for benign breast cysts consulted for progressive chest pain. The clinical examination was without abnormalities. The standard biological assessment was normal. Cervicothoracic CT showed two heterogeneous enhancement tissue mediastinal masses, a heterogeneous thyroid gland of normal volume. The surgical procedure consisted of a thymectomy and the anatomopathological study concluded to an intra-thymic ectopic thyroid adenoma. 2nd clinical case : 57-year-old woman consulted for a chronic cough. No anomaly objectified at the clinical examination. The biological assessment including thyroid was normal. The CT scan showed formation of the cervicothoracic orifice whose density evoked a thyroid or parathyroid nodule. The mass was excised and the pathology found a thyroid parenchyma with no signs of malignancy. Comments and conclusion: Transcription factor mutations are implicated in thyroid ectopy. Several locations have been described. The mediastinal localization is exceptional. The presence of a eutopic thyroid is frequently associated with the mediastinal location of ectopia. Clinical-biological euthyroidism is as well. Therapeutically, surgery may be indicated in dyspnea or other disabling symptoms.

New biomarkers are currently promising to improve cardiovascular risk (CVR) prediction to prevent cardiovascular complications and their associated morbidity and mortality. In practice, homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin D (Vit D) have shown statistical associations with the incidence of cardiovascular events. Our study aimed to investigate the association between each of these biomarkers and atherosclerosis and to evaluate their contribution to the stratification of CVR in type 2 diabetic patients (T2D). Methods: This was a cross-sectional and comparative study that included 53 T2D patients with at least one cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 67 T2D patients without any CVD. Measurements of Hcy and 25-OH Vit D were obtained for 116 and 71 patients, respectively. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) was defined as a level greater than 15 μmol/L, and Vit D deficiency was defined as a level below 10 ng/mL. Results: The average level of Hcy was 27.65 ± 31.95 μmol/L. It was significantly correlated with age (p = 0.008), body mass index (p = 0.008), fasting blood glucose (p Conclusion: Our study demonstrated an association between Hcy, macroangiopathy, and coronary artery disease in T2D patients; however, Vit D was not effective in diagnosing these conditions.