Current Issue
Volume 3, Issue 1 - 2026 (Jan-June 2026)
Issue Details:
Volume 3 Issue 1 (Jan-June 2026)Issue Description:
Welcome to the 2026 issue of Advances in Obesity, Endocrinology, and Diabetes. This issue showcases the remarkable breadth and depth of contemporary research across multiple disciplines. From cutting-edge applications of machine learning in climate science to the revolutionary potential of quantum computing in drug discovery, our featured articles demonstrate the power of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing global challenges.
We are particularly excited to present research that bridges traditional academic boundaries, reflecting our journal's commitment to fostering innovation through cross-disciplinary dialogue. The integration of artificial intelligence with environmental science, the application of blockchain technology to supply chain management, and the convergence of urban planning with smart city technologies exemplify the transformative potential of collaborative research.
As we continue to navigate an era of rapid technological advancement and global challenges, the research presented in this issue offers both insights and solutions that will shape our future. We thank our authors, reviewers, and editorial board members for their continued dedication to advancing knowledge and promoting scientific excellence.
Dr Lakshmi Nagendra
Editor-in-Chief
Advances in Obesity, Endocrinology, and Diabetes
Articles in This Issue
Open AccessEditorial: Diabetes Insipidus to be retired happily in history books
In 1794, Johann Peter Frank coined the term “diabetes insipidus” to distinguish patients with this condition from those who had diabetes mellitus. A collaborative team of professionals from various international endocrinology and pediatric organizations is now recommending a change in nomenclature. They suggest that "diabetes insipidus" be replaced with “arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D)” for cases of central origin, while proposing the term “arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R)” for nephrogenic cases (1)
Contributors:
Open AccessMetabolic Phenotyping for Early Diabetes Prevention: A Web-Based Clinical Tool
Background: The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) face a significant diabetes burden. Preventing, or at least delaying onset of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires accurate and timely identification of at-risk individuals with prediabetes. Traditional screening focuses on glucose and HbA1c alone and does not include other readily available data that can better identify risk and guide intervention. Methods: We developed a comprehensive web-based cardiometabolic risk calculator combining the classic homeostasis model assessment (HOMA1), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, metabolic syndrome evaluation (ATP III and IDF criteria), diabetes risk prediction adapted from validated models including QDiabetes-2018 and UK Biobank cohort studies, and cardiovascular risk trajectory with Lipoprotein(a) integration. The calculator uses ethnicity-specific thresholds for Middle Eastern, South Asian, and other populations, and provides AI-generated clinical summaries with multi-language patient education materials. Case: An 18-year-old Emirati male with obesity, prediabetes, severe insulin resistance, and compensatory beta-cell hypersecretion had a calculated 10-year diabetes risk exceeding 55%. This quantitative risk estimate motivated intensive lifestyle modification combined with tirzepatide and metformin. After six months, he achieved 17% weight loss, normalization of insulin resistance and beta-cell function, prediabetes resolution and diabetes risk reduction to under 10%. Conclusion: Comprehensive metabolic phenotyping with quantitative risk communication can identify high-risk individuals, characterize their metabolic dysfunction, and motivate behavioral change. This freely available tool addresses the need to identify individuals at high 10-year risk of progression to T2DM and elevated lifetime cardiovascular risk, thereby allowing more timely intervention.
Contributors:
Open AccessManagement of ACTH-Dependent Cushing’s disease with Resistant Hypertension and “Kissing Carotids”: A Challenging Pituitary Case
Background: Cushing’s disease (CD), caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma, remains one of the most challenging endocrine disorders to diagnose and treat. The coexistence of resistant hypertension, metabolic complications, and complex vascular anatomy such as “kissing carotids” further complicates management. Case Presentation: We report a 40-year-old man with long-standing hypertension referred for evaluation of resistant blood pressure. Physical examination revealed classical Cushingoid features. Endocrine testing confirmed ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Pituitary MRI was limited by a rare vascular variant medialized internal carotid arteries (“kissing carotids”) which obscured visualization of the adenoma. The patient underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery in a specialized neurosurgical center, confirming a corticotroph adenoma. Postoperatively, cortisol levels normalized, and metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities markedly improved. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic complexity of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s disease with challenging pituitary anatomy. Expert multidisciplinary management remains essential to achieve remission and prevent long-term sequelae.
Contributors:
Open AccessComparative Efficacy of Bariatric Surgeries for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Background: Bariatric surgery plays a pivotal role in the management of obesity and metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relative efficacy of different surgical procedures in achieving durable T2DM remission remains unclear. Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted according to PRISMA-NMA guidelines. Searches were performed across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (2000–2024). Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and prospective cohorts comparing sleeve gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). The primary endpoint was complete T2DM remission (HbA1c
Contributors:
Open AccessCase study: Successful medical treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism with pasireotide in a 12- year-old child
Background: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in neonates and children. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is important to avoid long-term neurological damage. In diazoxide-unresponsive cases, somatostatin receptor analogs are used in second line. Pasireotide, which has a higher affinity for the somatostatin receptor 5 than first-generation somatostatin analogs, was trialed in a pediatric patient with hyperinsulinism. Case description: The patient presented at the age of 8 years with recurrent episodes of nonfasting hypoglycemia and neuroglycopenic symptoms. A diagnosis of autonomous insulin secretion was biochemically confirmed by elevated levels of insulin (22.9 µUI/mL > 3 µUI/mL) and C-peptide (3.43 ng/mL > 0.6 ng/mL) during hypoglycemia (glucose 2.03 mmol/L). Glucose infusion rate to maintain euglycemia was 7 (mg/kg/min). The patient was initially treated by frequent feeding with carbohydrate-enriched formula and diazoxide 10 mg/kg/day. At the age of 12 years treatment with subcutaneous injections of octreotide was added because of recurrent hypoglycemia. Six months later and with parental consent, long acting pasireotide 40 mg every 28 days was initiated. Common side effects associated with pasireotide were carefully monitored, but did not occur. The patient was normoglycemic with a good growth rate, normal weight gain, and excellent neurodevelopment. Conclusion: This case study adds to findings reported previously suggesting that pasireotide may be a valuable option in second-line treatment of hyperinsulinism.
Contributors:
Open AccessRecurrent Hypoglycaemia in a 7-Year-Old with Genetically Complex, Diazoxide-Responsive Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Background: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in children, most frequently caused by pathogenic variants in ABCC8 or KCNJ11, encoding subunits of the pancreatic KATP channel (1,3). Case presentation: A previously healthy 7-year-old boy presented with recurrent early morning hypoglycaemia associated with lethargy, sweating and confusion. Biochemical evaluation confirmed hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia with suppressed ketones and free fatty acids. He responded completely to diazoxide, indicating functional KATP channel involvement. Whole-exome sequencing identified no clearly pathogenic variants but several variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in ABCC8, KCNJ11, and HNF1A, including a homozygous deep intronic variant (ABCC8: c.2256-50T>C) potentially affecting splicing (2,3). Outcome: The patient achieved full remission with diazoxide therapy, frequent carbohydrate intake, and bedtime cornstarch supplementation. Conclusion: This case illustrates the diagnostic complexity of CHI with multiple VUS and highlights the clinical utility of diazoxide responsiveness as a functional marker of KATP channel dysfunction. Functional studies of deep intronic variants and polygenic interactions remain essential for accurate molecular diagnosis (2,3).
Contributors:
Open AccessDevelopment of Disseminated Tuberculosis in a Non-Immunocompromised Patient Following COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with various complications and has altered patterns of disease presentation. COVID-19 is known to affect the immune system. We report a case of disseminated tuberculosis (TB) in a previously non-immunocompromised patient with a history of COVID-19 infection. Case Presentation: A 25-year-old woman with a history of mild COVID-19 infection three months earlier developed progressive back pain followed by worsening headache. She was eventually admitted with decreased level of consciousness, delirium, and focal neurological deficits. Further evaluation confirmed disseminated tuberculosis, including miliary pulmonary TB, TB meningitis, and TB spondylodiscitis. The patient showed gradual clinical and neurological improvement following anti-tuberculosis therapy. Conclusions: This case suggests a possible association between COVID-19 infection and subsequent development of disseminated tuberculosis, even in immunocompetent individuals.
Contributors:
Open AccessCase Report - A case of neglected chronic back pain resulting in delayed diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is an important yet often overlooked cause of the chronic musculoskeletal pain. A delay in diagnosis may result in significant skeletal complications. We report a case of longstanding neglected back pain that ultimately led to the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma. This case highlights the importance of considering metabolic causes in patients with persistent musculoskeletal symptoms and early evaluation to prevent irreversible complications.