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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Advances in Obesity, Endocrinology, and Diabetes</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">AOEDS</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3049-0715</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Dr Lakshmi Nagendra</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">aoeds-00000032</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Title: Diabetic foot in type 1 diabetes mellitus</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>MARZOUK</surname>
            <given-names>Hajer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ELFEKIH</surname>
            <given-names>Hamza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>LOUHICHI</surname>
            <given-names>Farah</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>AMARA</surname>
            <given-names>Safa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>SAAFI</surname>
            <given-names>Wiem</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ACH</surname>
            <given-names>Taieb</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>HALLOUL</surname>
            <given-names>Imen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>SAAD</surname>
            <given-names>Ghada</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>DEBBABI</surname>
            <given-names>Wided</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>HASNI</surname>
            <given-names>Yosra</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Department of Endocrinology, Ibn El Jazzar Hospital, Kairouan, Tunisia | Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia | Department of Endocrinology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">The Sousse School of Health Sciences and Techniques, university of Sousse, Tunisia</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <abstract>
        <p>
Background :

Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem. Diabetic foot is one of its major complications and is secondary to neuropathy, arteriopathy, infectious and mechanical foot involvement. It is a major cause of lower limb amputation and thus of motor disability.

Material and methods

We propose a descriptive study of the main anomalies found in the examination of thefeet in 40 patients with type 1 diabetes.

Results:

The median age of our population was 34.5 years. The average duration of diabetes was  25.35 years. 15% of people have neuropathic pain, and about one third describe the pain as severe. Hallux valgus and claw toes were observed in 35% of patients and a Charcot foot was found in 2 patients. 10% of subjects already had stage 4 arterial disease and 10% had intermittent claudications. The results of the care of 3 patients through telemedicine are encouraging. Management was early and further damage was prevented.

Conclusion: 

Foot involvement in diabetes mellitus is common and often severe. Early intervention, via telemedicine, could improve outcomes.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>diabetic foot</kwd>
        <kwd>neuropathy</kwd>
        <kwd>arteriopathy</kwd>
        <kwd>Charcot foot</kwd>
        <kwd>telemedecine</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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